Pinus sylvestris: Difference between revisions

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'''''Pinus sylvestris''''', '''PISY''', '''Scotch Pine''' is the most important specie beside ''[[Quercus robur]]'' to dendrochronology in northen europe. A lot of chronologies are available. Pine wood is very frequently used in buildings and other constructions, which means that there is a lot of material for a dendrochronologist to work with. In for instance northen Scandinavia it use to be very well preserved in constructions. The oldest are from 12'th and 13'th century in Norway and Sweden. In coast near areas and on lower latitudes and altitudes the sapwood often is affected by insects according to humidity, and difficult to core. Pine (high) stumps may sometimes persist for hundreds of years in the forest, due to high [[resin]] content. Pine wood will also persist very well in wet conditions in lakes and bogs. It is relatively easy to collect [[core]]s from with an [[increment borer]] both from living pine trees and from old logs in a construction.
'''''Pinus sylvestris''''', '''PISY''', '''Scotch Pine''' is the most important specie beside ''[[Quercus robur]]'' to dendrochronology in northern Europe. A lot of chronologies are available. Pine wood is very frequently used in buildings and other constructions, which means that there is a lot of material for a dendrochronologist to work with. In for instance northern Scandinavia pine wood use to be very well preserved in constructions. The oldest buildings are from 12'th century in Norway. In Sweden there are a few known buildings from first part of the 13'th century: [[Granhults kyrka]] and [[Tiondeboden i Ingatorp]] in [[Småland]], [[Eldhuset at Zorns Gammelgård]] in [[Mora]].  


==Characteristics of ''Pinus sylvestris'' wood==  
In coast near areas and on lower latitudes and altitudes the sapwood often is affected by insects according to humidity, and therefore difficult to core. Pine [[stump]]s, sometimes high ones, may sometimes persist for hundreds of years in the forest, due to high [[resin]] content. Pine wood will also persist very well in wet conditions in lakes and bogs. It is relatively easy to collect [[core]]s from with an [[increment borer]] both from living pine trees and from old logs in a construction.
Typical for wood from ''[[Pinus]]'' (''sylvestris'' and other species) is:
 
==How to recognize a dendrochronological wood sample as ''Pinus sylvestris''?==  
Typical for wood from ''[[Pinus]]'' (''sylvestris'' and other species) use to be:
* A relatively distinct change from [[early wood]] to [[late wood]] in most of the rings.
* A relatively distinct change from [[early wood]] to [[late wood]] in most of the rings.
* Often a lot of white "dots" in the latewood.
* Often a lot of white "dots" in the late wood.
* The [[pitch]] use to be more "star shaped" than in [[Picea]]  
* The [[pitch]] use to be more "star shaped" than in [[Picea]]  
* Often a reddish color on the [[heart wood]] in contrast to an more yellow (or blue or green according to affection) sap wood. But there are big variations from sample to sample and sometimes the border between sap wood and heart wood is almost invisible.     
* Often a reddish color on the [[heart wood]] in contrast to an more yellow (or blue or green according to affection) sap wood. But there are big variations from sample to sample and sometimes the border between sap wood and heart wood is almost invisible.     
* Sometimes [[blue stain]] affects the sapewood.
* Sometimes [[blue stain]] affects the sap wood.
* In microscope a thin wet preparation will show a typical pattern, different from other groups of conifers.   
* In microscope a thin wet preparation will show a typical pattern, different from other groups of conifers.   


==Observed problems according to measuring and crossdating PISY samples==
==Observed problems according to measuring and crossdating PISY samples==


 
[[File:GHp03a-detail.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Extremely thin and absent rings in a [[PISY]] sample. The original width of the section is 5.5 mm. (Youngest rings to the left)]]
===Extremely thin or absent rings===
===Extremely thin or absent rings===
[[File:GHp03a-detail.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Extremely thin and absent rings in a [[PISY]] sample. The original width of the section is 5.5 mm. (Youngest rings to the left)]]
An usual reason why a Pinus sample is not possible to [[cross date]] even than a good chronology is available are presence of too [[narrow rings]] or [[Absent annual ring|absent]] ones. In high resolution, rings sometimes are possible to see but not always also if the [[cellular structure]] is clearly seen. 


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 18:45, 16 May 2009

Pinus sylvestris, PISY, Scotch Pine is the most important specie beside Quercus robur to dendrochronology in northern Europe. A lot of chronologies are available. Pine wood is very frequently used in buildings and other constructions, which means that there is a lot of material for a dendrochronologist to work with. In for instance northern Scandinavia pine wood use to be very well preserved in constructions. The oldest buildings are from 12'th century in Norway. In Sweden there are a few known buildings from first part of the 13'th century: Granhults kyrka and Tiondeboden i Ingatorp in Småland, Eldhuset at Zorns Gammelgård in Mora.

In coast near areas and on lower latitudes and altitudes the sapwood often is affected by insects according to humidity, and therefore difficult to core. Pine stumps, sometimes high ones, may sometimes persist for hundreds of years in the forest, due to high resin content. Pine wood will also persist very well in wet conditions in lakes and bogs. It is relatively easy to collect cores from with an increment borer both from living pine trees and from old logs in a construction.

How to recognize a dendrochronological wood sample as Pinus sylvestris?

Typical for wood from Pinus (sylvestris and other species) use to be:

  • A relatively distinct change from early wood to late wood in most of the rings.
  • Often a lot of white "dots" in the late wood.
  • The pitch use to be more "star shaped" than in Picea
  • Often a reddish color on the heart wood in contrast to an more yellow (or blue or green according to affection) sap wood. But there are big variations from sample to sample and sometimes the border between sap wood and heart wood is almost invisible.
  • Sometimes blue stain affects the sap wood.
  • In microscope a thin wet preparation will show a typical pattern, different from other groups of conifers.

Observed problems according to measuring and crossdating PISY samples

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Extremely thin and absent rings in a PISY sample. The original width of the section is 5.5 mm. (Youngest rings to the left)

Extremely thin or absent rings

An usual reason why a Pinus sample is not possible to cross date even than a good chronology is available are presence of too narrow rings or absent ones. In high resolution, rings sometimes are possible to see but not always also if the cellular structure is clearly seen.

External links

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